Metode de îmbunătățire a consumului de energie pentru autovehicule / Methods of improving energy consumption for motor vehicles

This thesis starts from the idea that pollution is a very important concern for the environment, but also for public health, therefore conventional vehicles will have to be replaced or adapted to alternative propulsion systems, but it is essential for this transition to place in a sustainable way. If 7.5% of the Romanian car fleet at the level of 2021 were represented by fully electric cars, which would need simultaneous charging, the average hourly power required would be about 60% of the national daily production. On the other hand, if the same percentage were represented by plug-in hybrid cars, that number would be reduced tenfold. At the same time, this thesis presents a classification of hybrid powertrains, together with certain control strategies that can be applied to them. Next, a very simple method of real-time measurement of the parameters for the conventional powertrain of a car is proposed, by using a cheap diagnostic tool, to facilitate the development of alternative architectures with which hybrid or electric vehicles are equipped. The following chapters provide some specific guidance on the design of the powertrains for hybrid electric vehicles, both series and parallel (along with simple control strategies), mainly based on real measurements collected while driving on public roads. Then are presented both the results of the simulations and those of the practical implementation of a standalone analog active circuit for balancing the charge level of lithium cells, intended for automotive BMSs. At the end of this thesis is offered a collection of methods whose main purpose is to optimize the energy consumption of cars, and which is based on the utilization of energy harvesting elements, combined with dedicated storage devices, in Start-Stop systems.